Electric Vehicles
Price volatility of fossil fuels makes electric vehicles and hybrids attractive alternatives to conventional vehicles. States have utilized policy mechanisms to spur deployment and adoption at scale, capitalizing on benefits to energy security as well as environmental and human health.

Overview
Price volatility of fossil fuels and a growing emphasis on reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions make electric vehicles (EV) and hybrids an attractive alternative to conventional vehicles. Consumer- driven adoption of EVs has largely lagged, making up a small percentage of registered automobiles currently on U.S. roadways. States have utilized multiple policy mechanisms to spur deployment and adoption of EVs at the commercial scale, capitalizing on benefits to energy security and both environmental and human health.
Key Facts
The transportation sector accounts for 30% of all U.S. climate emissions.
Electric vehicles produce fewer lifecycle emissions than gas vehicles because most emissions are lower for electricity generation than burning gas or diesel.
75% of Americans live in places where driving EVs is cleaner than a 50 MPG gasoline car.
Current Legislation
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| SB1283: Electric vehicle charging stations: installation: permits.View Source | California | CA Sen. Angelique Ashby (D-CA-008) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | EV Charging Permitting | Passed Original Chamber |
| HB348: AN ACT TO AMEND TITLE 29 OF THE DELAWARE CODE RELATING TO ELECTRIC VEHICLES.View Source | Delaware | DE Rep. Sophie Phillips (D-DE-018) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | Effective | |
| S.B.2999: RELATING TO A CLEAN FUEL STANDARD.View Source | Hawaii | HI Sen. Chris Lee (D-HI-025) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | Clean Fuel Standards | Effective |
| HB 2354: Concerning common interest communities.View Source | Washington | WA Rep. Julia Reed (D-WA-036) | Climate, Transportation | Building Decarbonization, Electric Vehicles | Heat Pumps, Multi-Family Housing Charging | Effective |
| A.3575C: Establishes an indirect source review for certain warehouse operationsView Source | New York | NY Assemb. Marcela Mitaynes (D-NY-051) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | Indirect Source Rules | Out of Committee |
| SB26-003: End-of-Life Management of Electric Vehicle BatteriesView Source | Colorado | CO Rep. Rebekah Stewart (D-CO-030), CO Rep. Kyle Brown (D-CO-012), CO Sen. Katie Wallace (D-CO-017), CO Sen. Lisa Cutter (D-CO-020), CO Rep. Katie Stewart (D-CO-059) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | Battery Recycling & Management | Effective |
| S.1180C: Establishes an indirect source review for certain warehouse operationsView Source | New York | NY Former Sen. Michael "Mike" Gianaris (D-NY-012) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | Indirect Source Rules | Passed Original Chamber |
| HB1875: Real Property - As enacted, prohibits a unit owners' association or homeowners' association from prohibiting a lot owner from installing an electric vehicle charging station for the lot owner's personal use on property owned by the lot owners; makes other changes related to electric vehicle charging stations. - Amends TCA Title 48 and Title 66. HB1875 has been assigned <a href="https://publications.tnsosfiles.com/acts/114/pub/pc0914.pdf">Public Chapter Number 914</a> by the Secretary of State. Conference Committee ReportsView Source | Tennessee | TN Rep. Greg Martin (R-TN-026) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | Multi-Family Housing Charging | Effective |
| AB1777: Air pollution: indirect sources.View Source | California | CA Assemb. Robert Garcia (D-CA-050) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | Indirect Source Rules | Out of Committee |
| H.B. 2849: Requires newly purchased or contracted school buses of a school district to be zero-emission vehicles, beginning January 1, 2037View Source | Missouri | MO Rep. Anthony Ealy (D-MO-036) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | Electric School Buses | Introduced or Prefiled |
| SB1215: Electrical corporations: electric vehicle charging stations: multifamily housing properties.View Source | California | CA Sen. Dave Cortese (D-CA-015) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | Multi-Family Housing Charging | Out of Committee |
| SB1282: Transportation electrification: grid-integrated vehicle technologies: standards.View Source | California | CA Sen. Josh Becker (D-CA-013) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | EV Utility Infrastructure | Out of Committee |
| SB0319: An Act Concerning Battery-Powered Lawn Equipment Funding for Municipalities, Regional Schools and Commercial Landscapers.View Source | Connecticut | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | Passed Original Chamber | ||
| SB3529: Make-Ready Infrastructure ActView Source | Illinois | IL Sen. Adriane Johnson (D-IL-030) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | EV Utility Infrastructure | Introduced or Prefiled |
| SF3990: Trunk highway project development, scoping, and alternatives analysis requirements modificationView Source | Minnesota | MN Sen. D. Scott "Scott" Dibble (D-MN-061) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles, Public Transportation | Vehicle Miles Traveled Targets | Out of Committee |
| SB26-021: Clean Fleet Enterprise Replace Aging Diesel TrucksView Source | Colorado | CO Sen. Cleave Simpson (R-CO-006), CO Sen. Kyle Mullica (D-CO-024), CO Rep. Carlos Barron (R-CO-048), CO Rep. Amy Paschal (D-CO-018) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | Effective | |
| H.B.1619: RELATING TO ELECTRIC VEHICLE INFRASTRUCTURE.View Source | Hawaii | HI Rep. Nicole Lowen (D-HI-007) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | EV Charging Permitting | Passed Second Chamber |
| HB833: Land subdivision and development; optional provisions of a subdivision ordinance, etc.View Source | Virginia | VA Del. Adele McClure (D-VA-002) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | EV Utility Infrastructure, Multi-Family Housing Charging | Effective |
| SB1787: Real Property - As enacted, prohibits a unit owners' association or homeowners' association from prohibiting a lot owner from installing an electric vehicle charging station for the lot owner's personal use on property owned by the lot owners; makes other changes related to electric vehicle charging stations. - Amends TCA Title 48 and Title 66. Companion bill has been assigned <a href="https://publications.tnsosfiles.com/acts/114/pub/pc0914.pdf">Public Chapter Number 914</a> by the Secretary of State. Conference Committee ReportsView Source | Tennessee | TN Sen. Shane Reeves (R-TN-014) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | Multi-Family Housing Charging | Out of Committee |
| SB0416: An Act Concerning Transportation System Modernization.View Source | Connecticut | Climate, Transportation | Electric Vehicles, Just Transition, Public Transportation | Electric School Buses, Low-income Access | Out of Committee | |
| SB407: Transportation electrification; integrated resource planning, fast-charging stations, etc.View Source | Virginia | VA Sen. Jennifer Boysko (D-VA-038) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | EV Utility Infrastructure | Effective |
| HB5482: Zero Emission Vehicle ActView Source | Illinois | IL Rep. Barbara Hernandez (D-IL-050) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | EV Charging Permitting | Introduced or Prefiled |
| SB3980: Zero Emission Vehicle ActView Source | Illinois | IL Sen. Mike Porfirio (D-IL-011) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | EV Charging Permitting | Introduced or Prefiled |
| HB5600: Warehouse Pollution ReductionView Source | Illinois | IL Rep. Aarón "Aaron" Ortiz (D-IL-001) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | Indirect Source Rules | Introduced or Prefiled |
| A.4739: Establishes low-carbon transportation fuel standard program in DEP.View Source | New Jersey | NJ Assemb. Clinton Calabrese (D-NJ-036) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | Clean Fuel Standards | Introduced or Prefiled |
| SB3693: Clean Transportation StandardView Source | Illinois | IL Sen. David "Dave" Koehler (D-IL-046) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | Clean Fuel Standards | Introduced or Prefiled |
| A.10580: Requires at least one electric level three fast charging station for every five thousand New York state residentsView Source | New York | NY Assemb. Yudelka Tapia (D-NY-086) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | EV Charging Permitting | Introduced or Prefiled |
| H.B.1986: RELATING TO A CLEAN FUEL STANDARD.View Source | Hawaii | HI Rep. Nicole Lowen (D-HI-007) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | Clean Fuel Standards | Passed Original Chamber |
| H.B.1980: RELATING TO ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE.View Source | Hawaii | HI Rep. Nicole Lowen (D-HI-007) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | EV Charging Permitting | Passed Original Chamber |
| A.4555: Establishes "Fleet Conversion Task Force" in DEP.View Source | New Jersey | NJ Assemb. James "Jim" Kennedy (D-NJ-022), NJ Assemb. Clinton Calabrese (D-NJ-036) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | Introduced or Prefiled | |
| H.5197: Study OrderView Source | Massachusetts | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | Out of Committee | ||
| A.10447: Relates to requiring applications for retail gas station building permits to include electric vehicle charging stationsView Source | New York | NY Assemb. Brian Cunningham (D-NY-043) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | EV Charging Permitting | Introduced or Prefiled |
| H.B.581: Autonomous Vehicle AmendmentsView Source | Utah | UT Sen. Kirk Cullimore (R-UT-019), UT Rep. Matt MacPherson (R-UT-026) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | EV Utility Infrastructure | Passed Original Chamber |
| SB2793: An Act Relating To Public Property And Works -- State Purchases -- Lead By Example Act (Takes Several Measures To Lead By Example By Banning State Purchases Of Plastic Bottles, And Requires State Funds To Be Used To Lease Or Purchase Electric Vehicles And Renewable Energy Efficient Technologies For Use On State Property.)View Source | Rhode Island | RI Sen. Melissa Murray (D-RI-024), RI Sen. Bridget Valverde (D-RI-035), RI Sen. Meghan Kallman (D-RI-015), RI Sen. Robert Britto (D-RI-018), RI Sen. Linda Ujifusa (D-RI-011), RI Sen. Pamela "Pam" Lauria (D-RI-032), RI Sen. Lammis Vargas (D-RI-028) | Climate, Transportation, Energy | Building Decarbonization, Distributed Solar and Batteries, Electric Vehicles | Energy Efficiency, Solar and Public Infrastructure | Introduced or Prefiled |
| HF3740: Requirements for trunk highway project development, scoping, and alternatives analysis modified; working group established; report required; and money appropriated.View Source | Minnesota | MN Rep. Erin Koegel (D-MN-039A) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles, Public Transportation | Vehicle Miles Traveled Targets | Introduced or Prefiled |
| S.685: Establishes "Fleet Conversion Task Force" in DEP.View Source | New Jersey | NJ Sen. Bob Smith (D-NJ-017) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | Passed Original Chamber | |
| S.B.2435: RELATING TO ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE.View Source | Hawaii | HI Sen. Glenn Wakai (D-HI-015) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | EV Charging Permitting | Out of Committee |
| S.B.2434: RELATING TO ELECTRIC VEHICLE INFRASTRUCTURE.View Source | Hawaii | HI Sen. Glenn Wakai (D-HI-015) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | EV Charging Permitting | Out of Committee |
| S.B.2995: RELATING TO TRANSPORTATION.View Source | Hawaii | HI Sen. Chris Lee (D-HI-025) | Climate, Transportation | Electric Vehicles, Just Transition | Low-income Access | Introduced or Prefiled |
| A.4041: Establishes "Electric Vehicle Battery Recycling Task Force" to study ways to safely store, reuse, recycle, and dispose of used electric vehicle batteries.View Source | New Jersey | NJ Assemb. Alex Sauickie (R-NJ-012) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | Battery Recycling & Management | Introduced or Prefiled |
| SSB3067: A bill for an act authorizing certain manufacturers of battery electric motor vehicles to be licensed as motor vehicle dealers.View Source | Iowa | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | Out of Committee | ||
| H.B.545: AN ACT relating to a tax credit for alternative jet fuel.View Source | Kentucky | KY Rep. David Meade (R-KY-080) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | Introduced or Prefiled | |
| SB3732: Warehouse Pollution ReductionView Source | Illinois | IL Sen. Rachel Ventura (D-IL-043) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | Indirect Source Rules | Introduced or Prefiled |
| HB324: Electric Vehicle Rural Infrastructure Program and Fund; established and created.View Source | Virginia | VA Del. Richard "Rip" Sullivan (D-VA-006) | Climate, Transportation | Electric Vehicles, Just Transition | Low-income Access | Out of Committee |
| HB0851: An act relating to establishing pilot programs related to highway services for electric vehicles, stabilizing and supporting public transit, and establishing a Vermont rideshare serviceView Source | Vermont | VT Rep. Brian Cina (P-VT-032) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles, Public Transportation | EV Charging Permitting | Introduced or Prefiled |
| HB0863: An act relating to transportation initiatives to improve equity and infrastructure, increase resiliency, and reduce emissionsView Source | Vermont | VT Rep. Mollie Burke (D-VT-097), VT Rep. Phil Pouech (D-VT-021), VT Rep. Kate Lalley (D-VT-023), VT Rep. Chloe Tomlinson (P-VT-038), VT Rep. Candice White (D-VT-083) | Transportation | Active Transportation, Electric Vehicles, Public Transportation | Transit Funding, Multi-Family Housing Charging, Vehicle Miles Traveled Targets | Introduced or Prefiled |
| HB890: Electric vehicles & charging stations; electrification of Commonwealth's centralized fleet, report.View Source | Virginia | VA Del. Richard "Rip" Sullivan (D-VA-006) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | Introduced or Prefiled | |
| SB628: enabling curbside electric-vehicle charging.View Source | New Hampshire | NH Sen. David Watters (D-NH-004) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | EV Charging Permitting | Out of Committee |
| HB1066: Purchase and lease of government vehicles.View Source | Indiana | IN Rep. Mitch Gore (D-IN-089) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | Out of Committee | |
| HB0796: An act relating to public electric vehicle supply equipment standards of serviceView Source | Vermont | VT Rep. R. Scott "Scott" Campbell (D-VT-016) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | EV Charging Permitting | Introduced or Prefiled |
| S.B.2346: RELATING TO AIRPORTS.View Source | Hawaii | HI Sen. Stanley Chang (D-HI-009) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | Introduced or Prefiled | |
| SB0270: An act relating to a right to charge electric vehicles at homeView Source | Vermont | VT Sen. Andrew Perchlik (D-VT-011) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | Multi-Family Housing Charging, EV Charging Permitting | Introduced or Prefiled |
| S.8906: Relates to requiring applications for retail gas station building permits to include electric vehicle charging stationsView Source | New York | NY Sen. Pete Harckham (D-NY-040) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | EV Charging Permitting | Introduced or Prefiled |
| S.646: Requires manufacturers of electric vehicles to establish and implement electric vehicle battery management plans.View Source | New Jersey | NJ Sen. Bob Smith (D-NJ-017) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | Battery Recycling & Management | Introduced or Prefiled |
| S.619: Establishes certain State goals for sale of zero-emission medium-duty and heavy-duty trucks, and certain off-road vehicles and equipment.View Source | New Jersey | NJ Sen. Bob Smith (D-NJ-017) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | Introduced or Prefiled | |
| S.655: Requires electric public utilities to submit new tariffs for commercial customers for BPU approval; regulates non-volumetric electricity fees charged to operators of fast charging electric vehicle chargers.View Source | New Jersey | NJ Sen. John McKeon (D-NJ-027), NJ Sen. Bob Smith (D-NJ-017) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | EV Utility Infrastructure | Introduced or Prefiled |
| S.624: Directs NJ Infrastructure Bank to establish financing program for electric school buses; allocates $20 million annually in societal benefits charge revenues to NJ Infrastructure Bank for purposes of program.View Source | New Jersey | NJ Sen. Bob Smith (D-NJ-017) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | Electric School Buses | Introduced or Prefiled |
| S.2339: Requires certain high-traffic facilities to obtain permit from DEP and annually implement measures to reduce air pollution caused by facility.View Source | New Jersey | NJ Sen. John McKeon (D-NJ-027), NJ Sen. Patrick "Pat" Diegnan (D-NJ-018) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | Indirect Source Rules | Introduced or Prefiled |
| S.620: Requires all motorbuses purchased for public transportation service to be electric-powered by 2035; makes annual appropriation of $82 million.View Source | New Jersey | NJ Sen. Bob Smith (D-NJ-017) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | Electric School Buses | Introduced or Prefiled |
| S.2285: Requires certain warehouse operators to implement air pollution reduction and mitigation plans.View Source | New Jersey | NJ Sen. John McKeon (D-NJ-027) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | Indirect Source Rules | Introduced or Prefiled |
| S.644: Establishes "Electric Vehicle Battery Repurposing Fund" to support repurposing, remanufacturing, and recycling of electric vehicle batteries; dedicates amounts based on certain sales of electric vehicles.View Source | New Jersey | NJ Sen. Bob Smith (D-NJ-017) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | Battery Recycling & Management | Introduced or Prefiled |
| S.616: Provides corporation business tax and gross income tax credits for purchase and installation of electric vehicle charging stations and for commercial zero emission vehicle fleet conversions.View Source | New Jersey | NJ Sen. John McKeon (D-NJ-027), NJ Sen. Bob Smith (D-NJ-017) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | EV Charging Permitting | Introduced or Prefiled |
| S.697: Directs DEP to adopt rules and regulations to implement California's current low emissions vehicle program, with certain exceptions regarding zero emmission vehicles.View Source | New Jersey | NJ Sen. John Burzichelli (D-NJ-003) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | Clean Fuel Standards | Introduced or Prefiled |
| S.2318: Establishes low-carbon transportation fuel standard program in DEP.View Source | New Jersey | NJ Sen. John McKeon (D-NJ-027), NJ Sen. Bob Smith (D-NJ-017) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | Clean Fuel Standards | Introduced or Prefiled |
| A.2032: Establishes "Electric Vehicle Battery Repurposing Fund" to support repurposing, remanufacturing, and recycling of electric vehicle batteries; dedicates amounts based on certain sales of electric vehicles.View Source | New Jersey | NJ Assemb. Alex Sauickie (R-NJ-012), NJ Assemb. Shama Haider (D-NJ-037) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | Battery Recycling & Management | Introduced or Prefiled |
| A.3409: Requires certain warehouse operators to implement air pollution reduction and mitigation plans.View Source | New Jersey | NJ Assemb. Heather Simmons (D-NJ-003) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | Indirect Source Rules | Introduced or Prefiled |
| A.2740: Requires certain high-traffic facilities to obtain permit from DEP and annually implement measures to reduce air pollution caused by facility.View Source | New Jersey | NJ Assemb. Alixon Collazos-Gill (D-NJ-027), NJ Assemb. Andrea Katz (D-NJ-008) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | Indirect Source Rules | Introduced or Prefiled |
| A.3916: Directs NJ Infrastructure Bank to establish financing program for electric school buses; allocates $20 million annually in societal benefits charge revenues to NJ Infrastructure Bank for purposes of program.View Source | New Jersey | NJ Assemb. Robert "Rob" Karabinchak (D-NJ-018), NJ Assemb. Clinton Calabrese (D-NJ-036) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | Electric School Buses | Introduced or Prefiled |
| S.5825: Requires at least one electric level three fast charging station for every five thousand New York state residentsView Source | New York | NY Sen. Luis Sepulveda (D-NY-032) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | EV Charging Permitting | Introduced or Prefiled |
| H.B.2063: An Act establishing clean fuels standards; establishing the Clean Fuels Standards Board; imposing duties on the Clean Fuels Standards Board and the Department of Environmental Protection; and establis hing the Fair Market Credit Trading Program.View Source | Pennsylvania | PA Rep. Paul Takac (D-PA-082) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | Clean Fuel Standards | Introduced or Prefiled |
| S.B.1008: RELATING TO PARKING.View Source | Hawaii | HI Sen. Chris Lee (D-HI-025) | Transportation | Electric Vehicles | Effective |
No matching bills.
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Related Resources

Transportation Briefing Book
This briefing book breaks down several transportation policies being considered in states across the country. Each section includes a description of the policy, key facts and figures, and several examples of legislation passed or introduced on the state level. Sections include: active transportation, congestion pricing, electric vehicles, low carbon fuel standards, medium- and heavy-duty vehicle electrification, public transportation, transit-oriented development, the Transportation Climate Initiative, and vehicle miles traveled.
Electric Vehicles Policy Options
Price volatility of fossil fuels and a growing emphasis on reduction of greenhouse gas emissions make electric vehicles (EV) and hybrids an attractive alternative to conventional internal combustion engine vehicles. States have utilized multiple policy mechanisms to spur deployment and adoption of EVs, capitalizing on benefits to energy security and both environmental and human health.
Electric Vehicles Fact Sheet
Price volatility of fossil fuels and a growing emphasis on reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions make electric vehicles (EV) and hybrids an attractive alternative to conventional vehicles. Consumer-driven adoption of EVs has largely lagged, making up a small percentage of registered automobiles currently on U.S. roadways. States have utilized multiple policy mechanisms to spur deployment and adoption of EVs at the commercial scale, capitalizing on benefits to energy security and both environmental and human health.
Online Resources
U.S. Department of Energy Alternative Fuels Data Center list of state laws and incentives for alternative fuels/ vehicles.
Union of Concerned Scientists research from their Clean Vehicles program.
International Council on Clean Transportation analysis from their Electric Vehicles Initiative

Electric Vehicles and Environmental Justice
As electric vehicles become more prominent, it is critical that frontline communities are centered in policy design.
Charging Infrastructure Accessibility
Many charging stations are currently located in higher-end shopping areas which makes it harder for low-income individuals to access EV charging. (uncg.edu)
Health and Mobility
Increased electric vehicle ownership can improve the mobility and health outcomes of vulnerable communities, especially those who live near major roadways responsible for high levels of transportation-related air pollution. (ehn.org)
$4,600 Less
Electric vehicles cost owners about $4,600 less to repair and maintain over the cars’ lifetime than conventional cars. (advocacy.consumerreports.org)
What Members Say
“I credit the resources from NEC for assisting me in keeping transportation emissions reductions at the top of my priority list, and this year that support has helped lead to a successful effort to reduce transportation emissions in Rhode Island.”

Senator Alana DiMario
Rhode Island
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