Electric Vehicles

Price volatility of fossil fuels makes electric vehicles and hybrids attractive alternatives to conventional vehicles. States have utilized policy mechanisms to spur deployment and adoption at scale, capitalizing on benefits to energy security as well as environmental and human health.

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Overview

Price volatility of fossil fuels and a growing emphasis on reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions make electric vehicles (EV) and hybrids an attractive alternative to conventional vehicles. Consumer- driven adoption of EVs has largely lagged, making up a small percentage of registered automobiles currently on U.S. roadways. States have utilized multiple policy mechanisms to spur deployment and adoption of EVs at the commercial scale, capitalizing on benefits to energy security and both environmental and human health.

Point of Contact

Ava Gallo Headshot
Ava Gallo
Climate and Energy Program Manager
Contact

Key Facts

The transportation sector accounts for 30% of all U.S. climate emissions.

Sierra Club

Electric vehicles produce fewer lifecycle emissions than gas vehicles because most emissions are lower for electricity generation than burning gas or diesel.

U.S Department of Energy

75% of Americans live in places where driving EVs is cleaner than a 50 MPG gasoline car.

Union Of Concerned Scientists

Current Legislation

Legislative bills
SB1283: Electric vehicle charging stations: installation: permits.View SourceCaliforniaCA Sen. Angelique Ashby (D-CA-008)TransportationElectric VehiclesEV Charging PermittingPassed Original Chamber
HB348: AN ACT TO AMEND TITLE 29 OF THE DELAWARE CODE RELATING TO ELECTRIC VEHICLES.View SourceDelawareDE Rep. Sophie Phillips (D-DE-018)TransportationElectric VehiclesEffective
S.B.2999: RELATING TO A CLEAN FUEL STANDARD.View SourceHawaiiHI Sen. Chris Lee (D-HI-025)TransportationElectric VehiclesClean Fuel StandardsEffective
HB 2354: Concerning common interest communities.View SourceWashingtonWA Rep. Julia Reed (D-WA-036)Climate, TransportationBuilding Decarbonization, Electric VehiclesHeat Pumps, Multi-Family Housing ChargingEffective
A.3575C: Establishes an indirect source review for certain warehouse operationsView SourceNew YorkNY Assemb. Marcela Mitaynes (D-NY-051)TransportationElectric VehiclesIndirect Source RulesOut of Committee
SB26-003: End-of-Life Management of Electric Vehicle BatteriesView SourceColoradoCO Rep. Rebekah Stewart (D-CO-030), CO Rep. Kyle Brown (D-CO-012), CO Sen. Katie Wallace (D-CO-017), CO Sen. Lisa Cutter (D-CO-020), CO Rep. Katie Stewart (D-CO-059)TransportationElectric VehiclesBattery Recycling & ManagementEffective
S.1180C: Establishes an indirect source review for certain warehouse operationsView SourceNew YorkNY Former Sen. Michael "Mike" Gianaris (D-NY-012)TransportationElectric VehiclesIndirect Source RulesPassed Original Chamber
HB1875: Real Property - As enacted, prohibits a unit owners' association or homeowners' association from prohibiting a lot owner from installing an electric vehicle charging station for the lot owner's personal use on property owned by the lot owners; makes other changes related to electric vehicle charging stations. - Amends TCA Title 48 and Title 66. HB1875 has been assigned <a href="https://publications.tnsosfiles.com/acts/114/pub/pc0914.pdf">Public Chapter Number 914</a> by the Secretary of State. Conference Committee ReportsView SourceTennesseeTN Rep. Greg Martin (R-TN-026)TransportationElectric VehiclesMulti-Family Housing ChargingEffective
AB1777: Air pollution: indirect sources.View SourceCaliforniaCA Assemb. Robert Garcia (D-CA-050)TransportationElectric VehiclesIndirect Source RulesOut of Committee
H.B. 2849: Requires newly purchased or contracted school buses of a school district to be zero-emission vehicles, beginning January 1, 2037View SourceMissouriMO Rep. Anthony Ealy (D-MO-036)TransportationElectric VehiclesElectric School BusesIntroduced or Prefiled
SB1215: Electrical corporations: electric vehicle charging stations: multifamily housing properties.View SourceCaliforniaCA Sen. Dave Cortese (D-CA-015)TransportationElectric VehiclesMulti-Family Housing ChargingOut of Committee
SB1282: Transportation electrification: grid-integrated vehicle technologies: standards.View SourceCaliforniaCA Sen. Josh Becker (D-CA-013)TransportationElectric VehiclesEV Utility InfrastructureOut of Committee
SB0319: An Act Concerning Battery-Powered Lawn Equipment Funding for Municipalities, Regional Schools and Commercial Landscapers.View SourceConnecticutTransportationElectric VehiclesPassed Original Chamber
SB3529: Make-Ready Infrastructure ActView SourceIllinoisIL Sen. Adriane Johnson (D-IL-030)TransportationElectric VehiclesEV Utility InfrastructureIntroduced or Prefiled
SF3990: Trunk highway project development, scoping, and alternatives analysis requirements modificationView SourceMinnesotaMN Sen. D. Scott "Scott" Dibble (D-MN-061)TransportationElectric Vehicles, Public TransportationVehicle Miles Traveled TargetsOut of Committee
SB26-021: Clean Fleet Enterprise Replace Aging Diesel TrucksView SourceColoradoCO Sen. Cleave Simpson (R-CO-006), CO Sen. Kyle Mullica (D-CO-024), CO Rep. Carlos Barron (R-CO-048), CO Rep. Amy Paschal (D-CO-018)TransportationElectric VehiclesEffective
H.B.1619: RELATING TO ELECTRIC VEHICLE INFRASTRUCTURE.View SourceHawaiiHI Rep. Nicole Lowen (D-HI-007)TransportationElectric VehiclesEV Charging PermittingPassed Second Chamber
HB833: Land subdivision and development; optional provisions of a subdivision ordinance, etc.View SourceVirginiaVA Del. Adele McClure (D-VA-002)TransportationElectric VehiclesEV Utility Infrastructure, Multi-Family Housing ChargingEffective
SB1787: Real Property - As enacted, prohibits a unit owners' association or homeowners' association from prohibiting a lot owner from installing an electric vehicle charging station for the lot owner's personal use on property owned by the lot owners; makes other changes related to electric vehicle charging stations. - Amends TCA Title 48 and Title 66. Companion bill has been assigned <a href="https://publications.tnsosfiles.com/acts/114/pub/pc0914.pdf">Public Chapter Number 914</a> by the Secretary of State. Conference Committee ReportsView SourceTennesseeTN Sen. Shane Reeves (R-TN-014)TransportationElectric VehiclesMulti-Family Housing ChargingOut of Committee
SB0416: An Act Concerning Transportation System Modernization.View SourceConnecticutClimate, TransportationElectric Vehicles, Just Transition, Public TransportationElectric School Buses, Low-income AccessOut of Committee
SB407: Transportation electrification; integrated resource planning, fast-charging stations, etc.View SourceVirginiaVA Sen. Jennifer Boysko (D-VA-038)TransportationElectric VehiclesEV Utility InfrastructureEffective
HB5482: Zero Emission Vehicle ActView SourceIllinoisIL Rep. Barbara Hernandez (D-IL-050)TransportationElectric VehiclesEV Charging PermittingIntroduced or Prefiled
SB3980: Zero Emission Vehicle ActView SourceIllinoisIL Sen. Mike Porfirio (D-IL-011)TransportationElectric VehiclesEV Charging PermittingIntroduced or Prefiled
HB5600: Warehouse Pollution ReductionView SourceIllinoisIL Rep. Aarón "Aaron" Ortiz (D-IL-001)TransportationElectric VehiclesIndirect Source RulesIntroduced or Prefiled
A.4739: Establishes low-carbon transportation fuel standard program in DEP.View SourceNew JerseyNJ Assemb. Clinton Calabrese (D-NJ-036)TransportationElectric VehiclesClean Fuel StandardsIntroduced or Prefiled
SB3693: Clean Transportation StandardView SourceIllinoisIL Sen. David "Dave" Koehler (D-IL-046)TransportationElectric VehiclesClean Fuel StandardsIntroduced or Prefiled
A.10580: Requires at least one electric level three fast charging station for every five thousand New York state residentsView SourceNew YorkNY Assemb. Yudelka Tapia (D-NY-086)TransportationElectric VehiclesEV Charging PermittingIntroduced or Prefiled
H.B.1986: RELATING TO A CLEAN FUEL STANDARD.View SourceHawaiiHI Rep. Nicole Lowen (D-HI-007)TransportationElectric VehiclesClean Fuel StandardsPassed Original Chamber
H.B.1980: RELATING TO ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE.View SourceHawaiiHI Rep. Nicole Lowen (D-HI-007)TransportationElectric VehiclesEV Charging PermittingPassed Original Chamber
A.4555: Establishes "Fleet Conversion Task Force" in DEP.View SourceNew JerseyNJ Assemb. James "Jim" Kennedy (D-NJ-022), NJ Assemb. Clinton Calabrese (D-NJ-036)TransportationElectric VehiclesIntroduced or Prefiled
H.5197: Study OrderView SourceMassachusettsTransportationElectric VehiclesOut of Committee
A.10447: Relates to requiring applications for retail gas station building permits to include electric vehicle charging stationsView SourceNew YorkNY Assemb. Brian Cunningham (D-NY-043)TransportationElectric VehiclesEV Charging PermittingIntroduced or Prefiled
H.B.581: Autonomous Vehicle AmendmentsView SourceUtahUT Sen. Kirk Cullimore (R-UT-019), UT Rep. Matt MacPherson (R-UT-026)TransportationElectric VehiclesEV Utility InfrastructurePassed Original Chamber
SB2793: An Act Relating To Public Property And Works -- State Purchases -- Lead By Example Act (Takes Several Measures To Lead By Example By Banning State Purchases Of Plastic Bottles, And Requires State Funds To Be Used To Lease Or Purchase Electric Vehicles And Renewable Energy Efficient Technologies For Use On State Property.)View SourceRhode IslandRI Sen. Melissa Murray (D-RI-024), RI Sen. Bridget Valverde (D-RI-035), RI Sen. Meghan Kallman (D-RI-015), RI Sen. Robert Britto (D-RI-018), RI Sen. Linda Ujifusa (D-RI-011), RI Sen. Pamela "Pam" Lauria (D-RI-032), RI Sen. Lammis Vargas (D-RI-028)Climate, Transportation, EnergyBuilding Decarbonization, Distributed Solar and Batteries, Electric VehiclesEnergy Efficiency, Solar and Public InfrastructureIntroduced or Prefiled
HF3740: Requirements for trunk highway project development, scoping, and alternatives analysis modified; working group established; report required; and money appropriated.View SourceMinnesotaMN Rep. Erin Koegel (D-MN-039A)TransportationElectric Vehicles, Public TransportationVehicle Miles Traveled TargetsIntroduced or Prefiled
S.685: Establishes "Fleet Conversion Task Force" in DEP.View SourceNew JerseyNJ Sen. Bob Smith (D-NJ-017)TransportationElectric VehiclesPassed Original Chamber
S.B.2435: RELATING TO ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE.View SourceHawaiiHI Sen. Glenn Wakai (D-HI-015)TransportationElectric VehiclesEV Charging PermittingOut of Committee
S.B.2434: RELATING TO ELECTRIC VEHICLE INFRASTRUCTURE.View SourceHawaiiHI Sen. Glenn Wakai (D-HI-015)TransportationElectric VehiclesEV Charging PermittingOut of Committee
S.B.2995: RELATING TO TRANSPORTATION.View SourceHawaiiHI Sen. Chris Lee (D-HI-025)Climate, TransportationElectric Vehicles, Just TransitionLow-income AccessIntroduced or Prefiled
A.4041: Establishes "Electric Vehicle Battery Recycling Task Force" to study ways to safely store, reuse, recycle, and dispose of used electric vehicle batteries.View SourceNew JerseyNJ Assemb. Alex Sauickie (R-NJ-012)TransportationElectric VehiclesBattery Recycling & ManagementIntroduced or Prefiled
SSB3067: A bill for an act authorizing certain manufacturers of battery electric motor vehicles to be licensed as motor vehicle dealers.View SourceIowaTransportationElectric VehiclesOut of Committee
H.B.545: AN ACT relating to a tax credit for alternative jet fuel.View SourceKentuckyKY Rep. David Meade (R-KY-080)TransportationElectric VehiclesIntroduced or Prefiled
SB3732: Warehouse Pollution ReductionView SourceIllinoisIL Sen. Rachel Ventura (D-IL-043)TransportationElectric VehiclesIndirect Source RulesIntroduced or Prefiled
HB324: Electric Vehicle Rural Infrastructure Program and Fund; established and created.View SourceVirginiaVA Del. Richard "Rip" Sullivan (D-VA-006)Climate, TransportationElectric Vehicles, Just TransitionLow-income AccessOut of Committee
HB0851: An act relating to establishing pilot programs related to highway services for electric vehicles, stabilizing and supporting public transit, and establishing a Vermont rideshare serviceView SourceVermontVT Rep. Brian Cina (P-VT-032)TransportationElectric Vehicles, Public TransportationEV Charging PermittingIntroduced or Prefiled
HB0863: An act relating to transportation initiatives to improve equity and infrastructure, increase resiliency, and reduce emissionsView SourceVermontVT Rep. Mollie Burke (D-VT-097), VT Rep. Phil Pouech (D-VT-021), VT Rep. Kate Lalley (D-VT-023), VT Rep. Chloe Tomlinson (P-VT-038), VT Rep. Candice White (D-VT-083)TransportationActive Transportation, Electric Vehicles, Public TransportationTransit Funding, Multi-Family Housing Charging, Vehicle Miles Traveled TargetsIntroduced or Prefiled
HB890: Electric vehicles & charging stations; electrification of Commonwealth's centralized fleet, report.View SourceVirginiaVA Del. Richard "Rip" Sullivan (D-VA-006)TransportationElectric VehiclesIntroduced or Prefiled
SB628: enabling curbside electric-vehicle charging.View SourceNew HampshireNH Sen. David Watters (D-NH-004)TransportationElectric VehiclesEV Charging PermittingOut of Committee
HB1066: Purchase and lease of government vehicles.View SourceIndianaIN Rep. Mitch Gore (D-IN-089)TransportationElectric VehiclesOut of Committee
HB0796: An act relating to public electric vehicle supply equipment standards of serviceView SourceVermontVT Rep. R. Scott "Scott" Campbell (D-VT-016)TransportationElectric VehiclesEV Charging PermittingIntroduced or Prefiled
S.B.2346: RELATING TO AIRPORTS.View SourceHawaiiHI Sen. Stanley Chang (D-HI-009)TransportationElectric VehiclesIntroduced or Prefiled
SB0270: An act relating to a right to charge electric vehicles at homeView SourceVermontVT Sen. Andrew Perchlik (D-VT-011)TransportationElectric VehiclesMulti-Family Housing Charging, EV Charging PermittingIntroduced or Prefiled
S.8906: Relates to requiring applications for retail gas station building permits to include electric vehicle charging stationsView SourceNew YorkNY Sen. Pete Harckham (D-NY-040)TransportationElectric VehiclesEV Charging PermittingIntroduced or Prefiled
S.646: Requires manufacturers of electric vehicles to establish and implement electric vehicle battery management plans.View SourceNew JerseyNJ Sen. Bob Smith (D-NJ-017)TransportationElectric VehiclesBattery Recycling & ManagementIntroduced or Prefiled
S.619: Establishes certain State goals for sale of zero-emission medium-duty and heavy-duty trucks, and certain off-road vehicles and equipment.View SourceNew JerseyNJ Sen. Bob Smith (D-NJ-017)TransportationElectric VehiclesIntroduced or Prefiled
S.655: Requires electric public utilities to submit new tariffs for commercial customers for BPU approval; regulates non-volumetric electricity fees charged to operators of fast charging electric vehicle chargers.View SourceNew JerseyNJ Sen. John McKeon (D-NJ-027), NJ Sen. Bob Smith (D-NJ-017)TransportationElectric VehiclesEV Utility InfrastructureIntroduced or Prefiled
S.624: Directs NJ Infrastructure Bank to establish financing program for electric school buses; allocates $20 million annually in societal benefits charge revenues to NJ Infrastructure Bank for purposes of program.View SourceNew JerseyNJ Sen. Bob Smith (D-NJ-017)TransportationElectric VehiclesElectric School BusesIntroduced or Prefiled
S.2339: Requires certain high-traffic facilities to obtain permit from DEP and annually implement measures to reduce air pollution caused by facility.View SourceNew JerseyNJ Sen. John McKeon (D-NJ-027), NJ Sen. Patrick "Pat" Diegnan (D-NJ-018)TransportationElectric VehiclesIndirect Source RulesIntroduced or Prefiled
S.620: Requires all motorbuses purchased for public transportation service to be electric-powered by 2035; makes annual appropriation of $82 million.View SourceNew JerseyNJ Sen. Bob Smith (D-NJ-017)TransportationElectric VehiclesElectric School BusesIntroduced or Prefiled
S.2285: Requires certain warehouse operators to implement air pollution reduction and mitigation plans.View SourceNew JerseyNJ Sen. John McKeon (D-NJ-027)TransportationElectric VehiclesIndirect Source RulesIntroduced or Prefiled
S.644: Establishes "Electric Vehicle Battery Repurposing Fund" to support repurposing, remanufacturing, and recycling of electric vehicle batteries; dedicates amounts based on certain sales of electric vehicles.View SourceNew JerseyNJ Sen. Bob Smith (D-NJ-017)TransportationElectric VehiclesBattery Recycling & ManagementIntroduced or Prefiled
S.616: Provides corporation business tax and gross income tax credits for purchase and installation of electric vehicle charging stations and for commercial zero emission vehicle fleet conversions.View SourceNew JerseyNJ Sen. John McKeon (D-NJ-027), NJ Sen. Bob Smith (D-NJ-017)TransportationElectric VehiclesEV Charging PermittingIntroduced or Prefiled
S.697: Directs DEP to adopt rules and regulations to implement California's current low emissions vehicle program, with certain exceptions regarding zero emmission vehicles.View SourceNew JerseyNJ Sen. John Burzichelli (D-NJ-003)TransportationElectric VehiclesClean Fuel StandardsIntroduced or Prefiled
S.2318: Establishes low-carbon transportation fuel standard program in DEP.View SourceNew JerseyNJ Sen. John McKeon (D-NJ-027), NJ Sen. Bob Smith (D-NJ-017)TransportationElectric VehiclesClean Fuel StandardsIntroduced or Prefiled
A.2032: Establishes "Electric Vehicle Battery Repurposing Fund" to support repurposing, remanufacturing, and recycling of electric vehicle batteries; dedicates amounts based on certain sales of electric vehicles.View SourceNew JerseyNJ Assemb. Alex Sauickie (R-NJ-012), NJ Assemb. Shama Haider (D-NJ-037)TransportationElectric VehiclesBattery Recycling & ManagementIntroduced or Prefiled
A.3409: Requires certain warehouse operators to implement air pollution reduction and mitigation plans.View SourceNew JerseyNJ Assemb. Heather Simmons (D-NJ-003)TransportationElectric VehiclesIndirect Source RulesIntroduced or Prefiled
A.2740: Requires certain high-traffic facilities to obtain permit from DEP and annually implement measures to reduce air pollution caused by facility.View SourceNew JerseyNJ Assemb. Alixon Collazos-Gill (D-NJ-027), NJ Assemb. Andrea Katz (D-NJ-008)TransportationElectric VehiclesIndirect Source RulesIntroduced or Prefiled
A.3916: Directs NJ Infrastructure Bank to establish financing program for electric school buses; allocates $20 million annually in societal benefits charge revenues to NJ Infrastructure Bank for purposes of program.View SourceNew JerseyNJ Assemb. Robert "Rob" Karabinchak (D-NJ-018), NJ Assemb. Clinton Calabrese (D-NJ-036)TransportationElectric VehiclesElectric School BusesIntroduced or Prefiled
S.5825: Requires at least one electric level three fast charging station for every five thousand New York state residentsView SourceNew YorkNY Sen. Luis Sepulveda (D-NY-032)TransportationElectric VehiclesEV Charging PermittingIntroduced or Prefiled
H.B.2063: An Act establishing clean fuels standards; establishing the Clean Fuels Standards Board; imposing duties on the Clean Fuels Standards Board and the Department of Environmental Protection; and establis hing the Fair Market Credit Trading Program.View SourcePennsylvaniaPA Rep. Paul Takac (D-PA-082)TransportationElectric VehiclesClean Fuel StandardsIntroduced or Prefiled
S.B.1008: RELATING TO PARKING.View SourceHawaiiHI Sen. Chris Lee (D-HI-025)TransportationElectric VehiclesEffective

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Related Resources

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Price volatility of fossil fuels and a growing emphasis on reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions make electric vehicles (EV) and hybrids an attractive alternative to conventional vehicles. Consumer-driven adoption of EVs has largely lagged, making up a small percentage of registered automobiles currently on U.S. roadways. States have utilized multiple policy mechanisms to spur deployment and adoption of EVs at the commercial scale, capitalizing on benefits to energy security and both environmental and human health.

Online Resources

Alternative Fuels Data Center

U.S. Department of Energy Alternative Fuels Data Center list of state laws and incentives for alternative fuels/ vehicles.

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Clean Vehicles Program

Union of Concerned Scientists research from their Clean Vehicles program.

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Electric Vehicles Initiative

International Council on Clean Transportation analysis from their Electric Vehicles Initiative

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Electric Vehicles and Environmental Justice

As electric vehicles become more prominent, it is critical that frontline communities are centered in policy design.

Charging Infrastructure Accessibility

Many charging stations are currently located in higher-end shopping areas which makes it harder for low-income individuals to access EV charging. (uncg.edu)

Health and Mobility

Increased electric vehicle ownership can improve the mobility and health outcomes of vulnerable communities, especially those who live near major roadways responsible for high levels of transportation-related air pollution. (ehn.org)

$4,600 Less

Electric vehicles cost owners about $4,600 less to repair and maintain over the cars’ lifetime than conventional cars. (advocacy.consumerreports.org)

What Members Say

“I credit the resources from NEC for assisting me in keeping transportation emissions reductions at the top of my priority list, and this year that support has helped lead to a successful effort to reduce transportation emissions in Rhode Island.”
<p>Senator Alana DiMario</p>

Senator Alana DiMario

Rhode Island

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