Climate Justice and a Just Transition

Avoiding the worst effects of climate change requires ending fossil fuel use and production. As we transition away from fossil fuels, states can take steps to ensure the workers and communities who have powered our nation for generations are included in the workforce of the future.

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Overview

Avoiding the worst effects of climate change requires ending fossil fuel use and production. As we transition away from fossil fuels, states can take steps to ensure the workers and communities who have powered our nation for generations do not get abandoned. A just transition to a clean energy future means self-determination and support for those transitioning out of the fossil fuel industry. States can advance a just transition by supporting equitable policy design to ensure that clean energy jobs are high-quality and accessible to all.

Point of Contact

Ava Gallo Headshot
Ava Gallo
Climate and Energy Program Manager
Contact

Key Facts

As of early 2026, the U.S. clean energy sector has successfully employed over 3.5 million Americans, with underrepresented groups making up 27% of the clean energy workforce.

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The U.S. coal industry employs approximately 40,000 workers and is on track to close half its remaining capacity in 2026.

Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis

Tribal lands are disproportionately home to retiring coal infrastructure, making direct engagement with Tribes important for minimizing negative economic impacts in the energy transition.

Harvard Business School

Current Legislation

Legislative bills
HB 2251: Concerning climate commitment act accounts.View SourceWashingtonWA Rep. Joe Fitzgibbon (D-WA-034)Climate, OceansClimate Accountability, Just Transition, Nature Based SolutionsBlue Carbon, Low-income Access, Cap and InvestEffective
AB2157: Workforce development: Displaced Oil and Gas Worker Pilot Program: extension.View SourceCaliforniaCA Assemb. Isaac Bryan (D-CA-055), CA Assemb. Damon Connolly (D-CA-012)ClimateJust TransitionWorkforce DevelopmentPassed Original Chamber
AB2635: Air pollution: small off-road engines: voucher programs: local regulation.View SourceCaliforniaCA Assemb. Celeste Rodriguez (D-CA-043)ClimateJust TransitionWorkforce DevelopmentPassed Original Chamber
AB2168: Active Transportation Program: guidelines.View SourceCaliforniaCA Assemb. Buffy Wicks (D-CA-014)Climate, Transportation, Land, EnergyActive Transportation, Just Transition, Outdoor Engagement, Public TransportationLow-income Access, Outdoors for HealthPassed Original Chamber
S3163: Halting Gas ExpansionView SourceMassachusettsMA Sen. Adam Gomez (D-MA-Massachusetts Senate Hampden)ClimateJust TransitionWorkforce DevelopmentIntroduced or Prefiled
A.1072: Direct BPU to establish certain incentive programs for energy storage and management.**View SourceNew JerseyNJ Assemb. Kevin Egan (D-NJ-017), NJ Assemb. Robert "Rob" Karabinchak (D-NJ-018), NJ Assemb. Wayne DeAngelo (D-NJ-014)Climate, EnergyDistributed Solar and Batteries, Just TransitionDER Regulatory Reform, Low-income AccessPassed Original Chamber
SB3080: An Act Relating To Public Utilities And Carriers -- Thermal Energy Network And Jobs Act (Establishes The Thermal Energy Network & Jobs Act Facilitating Study Of The Technology To Determine If Goals Can Be Met By Implementing Thermal Energy Networks In Rhode Island/Creates A Task Force Of Interested Parties To Be An Advisory Committee.)View SourceRhode IslandRI Sen. Mark McKenney (D-RI-030), RI Sen. Jacob "Jake" Bissaillon (D-RI-001), RI Sen. Robert Britto (D-RI-018)ClimateJust TransitionWorkforce DevelopmentEffective
HB 2338: Authorizing community scaled weatherization projects.View SourceWashingtonWA Rep. Lisa Callan (D-WA-005)ClimateBuilding Decarbonization, Just TransitionEnergy Efficiency, Weatherization, Low-income AccessEffective
SB4039: Solar Energy-VariousView SourceIllinoisIL Sen. Steve Stadelman (D-IL-034)Climate, EnergyDistributed Solar and Batteries, Just TransitionWorkforce Development, Community SolarOut of Committee
S.1757: Establishes Office of Clean Energy Equity in BPU; directs establishment of certain clean energy, energy efficiency, and energy storage programs for overburdened communities; makes change to community solar program.View SourceNew JerseyNJ Sen. John McKeon (D-NJ-027), NJ Sen. Troy Singleton (D-NJ-007)Climate, EnergyDistributed Solar and Batteries, Just TransitionWorkforce Development, Low-income Access, Community SolarOut of Committee
H.B. 3019: Establishes provisions for community solar gardensView SourceMissouriMO Rep. Betsy Fogle (D-MO-135)Climate, EnergyDistributed Solar and Batteries, Just TransitionLow-income Access, Community SolarIntroduced or Prefiled
HB1393: Electric utilities; pilot program for energy assistance and weatherization for certain individuals.View SourceVirginiaVA Del. Destiny Levere Bolling (D-VA-080)Climate, OceansBuilding Decarbonization, Just TransitionWeatherization, Low-income Access, Offshore WindEffective
A.4892: Establishes Office of Clean Energy Equity in BPU; directs establishment of certain clean energy, energy efficiency, and energy storage programs for overburdened communities; makes change to community solar program.View SourceNew JerseyNJ Assemb. Verlina Reynolds-Jackson (D-NJ-015), NJ Assemb. Tennille McCoy (D-NJ-014)ClimateJust TransitionWorkforce Development, Low-income AccessIntroduced or Prefiled
S.9735: Enacts the "home utility weatherization jobs act"View SourceNew YorkNY Sen. Brian Kavanagh (D-NY-027)ClimateJust TransitionWorkforce DevelopmentPassed Original Chamber
HB2: Electric utilities; energy efficiency upgrades, report.View SourceVirginiaSecretary Mark Sickles (VA)ClimateBuilding Decarbonization, Just TransitionEnergy Efficiency, Weatherization, Low-income AccessEffective
SB72: Electric utilities; energy efficiency upgrades, report.View SourceVirginiaVA Sen. Kannan Srinivasan (D-VA-032)Climate, EnergyBuilding Decarbonization, Just Transition, Utilities and the GridEnergy Efficiency, Weatherization, Low-income AccessEffective
SB5: Income-Qualified Energy Efficiency and Weatherization Task Force; established, report.View SourceVirginiaVA Sen. Mamie Locke (D-VA-023)ClimateBuilding Decarbonization, Just TransitionEnergy Efficiency, Weatherization, Low-income AccessEffective
HB807: Electric utilities; shared solar programs, Phase II Utility.View SourceVirginiaVA Del. Richard "Rip" Sullivan (D-VA-006)Climate, EnergyDistributed Solar and Batteries, Just TransitionLow-income Access, Community SolarEffective
SB327: Electric utilities; pilot program for electric energy conservation, solar energy generation.View SourceVirginiaVA Sen. Schuyler VanValkenburg (D-VA-016)ClimateBuilding Decarbonization, Just TransitionWeatherization, Low-income AccessEffective
A.10856: Enacts the "just energy transition act"View SourceNew YorkNY Assemb. George Alvarez (D-NY-078)ClimateJust TransitionWorkforce DevelopmentIntroduced or Prefiled
SB0416: An Act Concerning Transportation System Modernization.View SourceConnecticutClimate, TransportationElectric Vehicles, Just Transition, Public TransportationElectric School Buses, Low-income AccessOut of Committee
HB70: Resilient Virginia Revolving Fund; projects in low-income geographic areas, nature-based solutions.View SourceVirginiaVA Del. Michael Feggans (D-VA-097)Climate, OceansClimate Finance, Coastal Resilience, Just TransitionGreen Banks, Low-income Access, Coastal ResilienceEffective
SB 5998: Making 2025-2027 fiscal biennium supplemental operating appropriations.View SourceWashingtonWA Sen. June Robinson (D-WA-038)ClimateJust Transition, Offshore WindLow-income AccessEffective
HB4910: Clean Energy-Workforce HubsView SourceIllinoisIL Rep. Lisa Davis (D-IL-032)ClimateJust TransitionWorkforce DevelopmentIntroduced or Prefiled
HB4996: Utilities-VariousView SourceIllinoisIL Rep. Robyn Gabel (D-IL-018)Climate, EnergyJust Transition, Transmission, Utilities and the GridUtility Scale Siting and Permitting, Low-income AccessIntroduced or Prefiled
HB4940: Utility-Ipa ProcurementView SourceIllinoisIL Rep. Jay Hoffman (D-IL-113)ClimateJust TransitionWorkforce DevelopmentIntroduced or Prefiled
HB5459: Solar Energy-VariousView SourceIllinoisIL Rep. Lawrence "Larry" Walsh (D-IL-086)ClimateJust TransitionWorkforce DevelopmentIntroduced or Prefiled
SB1178: Relating to: creating the Wisconsin Climate Corps program, granting rule-making authority, and making an appropriation. (FE)View SourceWisconsinWI Sen. Chris Larson (D-WI-007), WI Sen. Tim Carpenter (D-WI-003), WI Sen. Mark Spreitzer (D-WI-015), WI Sen. LaTonya Johnson (D-WI-006), WI Sen. Kelda Roys (D-WI-026)Climate, Water, Land, EnergyFlood Resilience, Just Transition, Outdoor Engagement, Sustainable Agriculture & WaterOutdoor Governance and Economy, Workforce DevelopmentIntroduced or Prefiled
HB26-1159: Department of Labor & Employment SupplementalView SourceColoradoCO Sen. Jeff Bridges (D-CO-026), CO Rep. Emily Sirota (D-CO-009)ClimateJust TransitionWorkforce DevelopmentEffective
SB26-052: Coal Transition Community InvestmentView SourceColoradoCO Rep. Tisha Mauro (D-CO-046), CO Rep. Meghan Lukens (D-CO-026), CO Sen. Dylan Roberts (D-CO-008), CO Sen. Marc Catlin (R-CO-005)ClimateJust TransitionWorkforce DevelopmentEnacted
SF4281: Thermal energy network plans requirements establishmentView SourceMinnesotaMN Sen. Amanda Hemmingsen-Jaeger (D-MN-047)ClimateBuilding Decarbonization, Just TransitionWorkforce DevelopmentIntroduced or Prefiled
HF4122: Thermal energy network plan requirements established.View SourceMinnesotaMN Rep. Athena Hollins (D-MN-066B)ClimateBuilding Decarbonization, Just TransitionWorkforce DevelopmentIntroduced or Prefiled
S.B. 758: Solar energy facility work; prevailing wage rate, apprenticeship requirements, civil penalties.View SourceVirginiaVA Sen. Aaron Rouse (D-VA-022)ClimateJust TransitionWorkforce DevelopmentPassed Original Chamber
HB 2289: Making 2025-2027 fiscal biennium supplemental operating appropriations.View SourceWashingtonWA Rep. Timm Ormsby (D-WA-003)Climate, OceansJust Transition, Ocean AcidificationLow-income Access, Ocean AcidificationOut of Committee
HB1002: Electric utility affordability.View SourceIndianaIN Rep. Alaina Shonkwiler (R-IN-029)Climate, EnergyJust Transition, Utilities and the GridLow-income Access, Performance Based RegulationsEffective
HF3557: Climate literacy seal established, and report required.View SourceMinnesotaMN Rep. Larry Kraft (D-MN-046A)Climate, Land, EnergyJust Transition, Outdoor EngagementOutdoor & Environmental Learning, Workforce DevelopmentIntroduced or Prefiled
S.8752: Requires contractors and subcontractors performing construction work for covered renewable energy systems to have apprenticeship agreementsView SourceNew YorkNY Sen. Jessica Scarcella-Spanton (D-NY-023)ClimateJust TransitionWorkforce DevelopmentEnacted
HB1372: Solar energy facilities; prevailing wage & apprenticeship requirements, state & local tax exemption.View SourceVirginiaVA Del. Dan Helmer (D-VA-010)ClimateJust TransitionWorkforce DevelopmentOut of Committee
S.B.2995: RELATING TO TRANSPORTATION.View SourceHawaiiHI Sen. Chris Lee (D-HI-025)Climate, TransportationElectric Vehicles, Just TransitionLow-income AccessIntroduced or Prefiled
H.B.1598: RELATING TO THE HAWAII CLIMATE INSTITUTE.View SourceHawaiiHI Rep. Andrew Garrett (D-HI-022)ClimateJust TransitionWorkforce DevelopmentOut of Committee
H.B.2038: RELATING TO TRANSPORTATION.View SourceHawaiiHI Rep. Ikaika Hussey (D-HI-029)ClimateJust TransitionLow-income AccessOut of Committee
SB 6223: Authorizing community scaled weatherization projects.View SourceWashingtonWA Sen. Victoria Hunt (D-WA-005)ClimateBuilding Decarbonization, Just TransitionWeatherization, Workforce DevelopmentOut of Committee
SB3927: Clean Energy-Workforce HubsView SourceIllinoisIL Sen. Lakesia Collins (D-IL-005)ClimateJust TransitionWorkforce DevelopmentIntroduced or Prefiled
HB324: Electric Vehicle Rural Infrastructure Program and Fund; established and created.View SourceVirginiaVA Del. Richard "Rip" Sullivan (D-VA-006)Climate, TransportationElectric Vehicles, Just TransitionLow-income AccessOut of Committee
S.B.3030: RELATING TO CLIMATE RESILIENCE.View SourceHawaiiHI Sen. Chris Lee (D-HI-025)ClimateClimate Adaptation , Just TransitionWorkforce DevelopmentIntroduced or Prefiled
S.B.2888: RELATING TO RENEWABLE ENERGY.View SourceHawaiiHI Sen. Mike Gabbard (D-HI-021)Climate, EnergyDistributed Solar and Batteries, Just TransitionDER Regulatory Reform, Workforce DevelopmentIntroduced or Prefiled
A.10100: Relates to enacting the climate and community investment actView SourceNew YorkNY Assemb. Jenifer Rajkumar (D-NY-038)ClimateJust TransitionWorkforce Development, Low-income AccessIntroduced or Prefiled
AB889: Relating to: creating the Wisconsin Climate Corps program, granting rule-making authority, and making an appropriation. (FE)View SourceWisconsinWI Rep. Christine Sinicki (D-WI-020), WI Rep. Lisa Subeck (D-WI-079), WI Rep. Amaad Rivera-Wagner (D-WI-090), WI Rep. Greta Neubauer (D-WI-066), WI Rep. Robyn Vining (D-WI-013), WI Rep. Mike Bare (D-WI-080), WI Rep. Ryan Clancy (D-WI-019), WI Rep. Francesca Hong (D-WI-076), WI Rep. Lee Snodgrass (D-WI-052), WI Rep. Supreme "Moore" Moore Omokunde (D-WI-017), WI Rep. Renuka Mayadev (D-WI-077), WI Rep. Clinton Anderson (D-WI-045), WI Rep. Alex Joers (D-WI-081), WI Rep. Darrin Madison (D-WI-010), WI Rep. Angelito Tenorio (D-WI-014), WI Rep. Randy Udell (D-WI-047), WI Rep. Karen DeSanto (D-WI-040), WI Rep. Joan Fitzgerald (D-WI-046), WI Rep. Sequanna Taylor (D-WI-011), WI Rep. Margaret Arney (D-WI-018), WI Rep. Angela Stroud (D-WI-073), WI Rep. Ben DeSmidt (D-WI-065), WI Rep. Vincent "Vinnie" Miresse (D-WI-071), WI Rep. Lori Palmeri (D-WI-054)Climate, Land, EnergyJust Transition, Outdoor EngagementOutdoor Governance and Economy, Workforce DevelopmentIntroduced or Prefiled
A.9454: Requires contractors and subcontractors performing construction work for covered renewable energy systems to have apprenticeship agreementsView SourceNew YorkNY Assemb. Didi Barrett (D-NY-106)ClimateJust TransitionWorkforce DevelopmentOut of Committee
S.1657: Establishes "Energy Infrastructure Public-Private Partnerships Program"; amends law concerning NJ Infrastructure Bank; and authorizes certain energy contracts under "Public School Contracts Law" and "Local Public Contracts Law" up to 25 years.View SourceNew JerseyNJ Sen. Paul Sarlo (D-NJ-036), NJ Sen. Andrew Zwicker (D-NJ-016)ClimateClimate Finance, Just TransitionGreen Banks, Workforce DevelopmentIntroduced or Prefiled
SB0204: An act relating to electric ratepayer assistance and utility disconnectionsView SourceVermontVT Sen. Becca White (D-VT-013)Climate, EnergyJust Transition, Utilities and the GridLow-income Access, Retail RatesIntroduced or Prefiled
H4041: An Act promoting environmental justice in MassachusettsView SourceMassachusettsMA Rep. Mike Connolly (D-MA-Massachusetts House 26th Middlesex)Climate, Environmental Justice, EnergyEnvironmental Justice, Just TransitionIntroduced or Prefiled

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Issues of Interest

Related Resources

Fact Sheet
Climate Justice Fact Sheet
Climate, Environmental Justice
August 3, 2023

Climate change impacts everyone. But because human societies were built on inequities, climate change does not impact everyone in the same way. For example, low-income communities have fewer resources to recover from climate disasters. In the United States, communities of color bear the brunt of pollution associated with fossil fuels and energy infrastructure. Worldwide, climate change has a disproportionate impact on women and children. Because climate change amplifies existing injustices and inequities, policies to address climate change should be designed to mitigate inequities and disproportionate impacts. Both in the U.S. and worldwide, individuals and communities that contributed the least to the climate crisis will face the greatest impacts. To advance climate justice, state legislation needs to identify and center environmental justice communities, build an inclusive economy, support community-driven solutions, require local pollution reductions, and facilitate a just transition.

Policy Option
Climate Justice Policy Options
Climate, Environmental Justice
August 2, 2023

Both in the U.S. and worldwide, individuals and communities that contributed the least to the climate crisis will face the greatest impacts. Because climate change amplifies existing injustices and inequities, policies to address climate change should be designed to mitigate inequities and disproportionate impacts. To advance climate justice, state legislation needs to identify and center environmental justice communities, build an inclusive economy, support community-driven solutions, require local pollution reductions, and facilitate a just transition.

Online Resources

The Just & Equitable Transition State Policy Framework & Resource Guide | US Climate Alliance

Outlines state-level strategies to support a just and equitable transition to a clean energy economy.

Read More
State-Based Policy Toolkit: Policies to Build a Cleaner, Safer, More Equitable Economy | Blue Green Alliance

A toolkit of state-level policy recommendations aimed at advancing economic equity, environmental protection, and clean energy development.

Read More
Rural Development Hubs | Aspen Institute

Examines rural development hubs and their role in fostering economic opportunity, resilience, and community-led growth towards a just transition.

Read More

Climate Justice, a Just Transition, and Environmental Justice

To ensure that climate policy is equitable and addresses current injustices, it is important to center communities that are disproportionately impacted by climate change in the transition away from fossil-fuel energy.

Driving Health, Social, and Economic Inequities

Climate change worsens environmental conditions associated with disparate health outcomes, while causing social and economic disturbances for disproportionately impacted communities. (EPA)

Extreme Heat

Climate change is expected to increase the volume and frequency of extreme heat events, with low-income individuals and communities of color currently suffering disproportionately high rates of heat-related illness. (KFF)

Ensuring a Just Energy Transition

A just energy transition is an equity-centered policy solution that seeks to address social, environmental, and economic implications of the transition from fossil-fuel energy sources to clean energy sources, particularly for historic fossil-fuel workers and communities. (UNDP)

News & Events

Events
2026 Energy Affordability Leaders Summit
December 6–9, 2026

Join NEC in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from December 6-9 for a convening of energy affordability leaders.

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Events
2026 MRLC Forum Recap
October 6–8, 2026

State legislators from across seven states convened in Jackson, Mississippi, for the 2026 Mississippi River Legislative Caucus (MRLC) Forum, where they explored how to support one of the most economically and socially consequential waterways.

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Press Release
Legislators from 43 States and Territories Oppose USDA’s Effort to Rescind the “Roadless Rule”
Land
October 7, 2026

A bipartisan group of 232 state legislators from 43 states and territories submitted a formal comment letter to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) opposing the proposed rescission of the Roadless Area Conservation Rule (the “Roadless Rule”).

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