Climate Justice and a Just Transition
Avoiding the worst effects of climate change requires ending fossil fuel use and production. As we transition away from fossil fuels, states can take steps to ensure the workers and communities who have powered our nation for generations are included in the workforce of the future.

Overview
Avoiding the worst effects of climate change requires ending fossil fuel use and production. As we transition away from fossil fuels, states can take steps to ensure the workers and communities who have powered our nation for generations do not get abandoned. A just transition to a clean energy future means self-determination and support for those transitioning out of the fossil fuel industry. States can advance a just transition by supporting equitable policy design to ensure that clean energy jobs are high-quality and accessible to all.
Key Facts
As of early 2026, the U.S. clean energy sector has successfully employed over 3.5 million Americans, with underrepresented groups making up 27% of the clean energy workforce.
The U.S. coal industry employs approximately 40,000 workers and is on track to close half its remaining capacity in 2026.
Tribal lands are disproportionately home to retiring coal infrastructure, making direct engagement with Tribes important for minimizing negative economic impacts in the energy transition.
Current Legislation
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| HB 2251: Concerning climate commitment act accounts.View Source | Washington | WA Rep. Joe Fitzgibbon (D-WA-034) | Climate, Oceans | Climate Accountability, Just Transition, Nature Based Solutions | Blue Carbon, Low-income Access, Cap and Invest | Effective |
| AB2157: Workforce development: Displaced Oil and Gas Worker Pilot Program: extension.View Source | California | CA Assemb. Isaac Bryan (D-CA-055), CA Assemb. Damon Connolly (D-CA-012) | Climate | Just Transition | Workforce Development | Passed Original Chamber |
| AB2635: Air pollution: small off-road engines: voucher programs: local regulation.View Source | California | CA Assemb. Celeste Rodriguez (D-CA-043) | Climate | Just Transition | Workforce Development | Passed Original Chamber |
| AB2168: Active Transportation Program: guidelines.View Source | California | CA Assemb. Buffy Wicks (D-CA-014) | Climate, Transportation, Land, Energy | Active Transportation, Just Transition, Outdoor Engagement, Public Transportation | Low-income Access, Outdoors for Health | Passed Original Chamber |
| S3163: Halting Gas ExpansionView Source | Massachusetts | MA Sen. Adam Gomez (D-MA-Massachusetts Senate Hampden) | Climate | Just Transition | Workforce Development | Introduced or Prefiled |
| A.1072: Direct BPU to establish certain incentive programs for energy storage and management.**View Source | New Jersey | NJ Assemb. Kevin Egan (D-NJ-017), NJ Assemb. Robert "Rob" Karabinchak (D-NJ-018), NJ Assemb. Wayne DeAngelo (D-NJ-014) | Climate, Energy | Distributed Solar and Batteries, Just Transition | DER Regulatory Reform, Low-income Access | Passed Original Chamber |
| SB3080: An Act Relating To Public Utilities And Carriers -- Thermal Energy Network And Jobs Act (Establishes The Thermal Energy Network & Jobs Act Facilitating Study Of The Technology To Determine If Goals Can Be Met By Implementing Thermal Energy Networks In Rhode Island/Creates A Task Force Of Interested Parties To Be An Advisory Committee.)View Source | Rhode Island | RI Sen. Mark McKenney (D-RI-030), RI Sen. Jacob "Jake" Bissaillon (D-RI-001), RI Sen. Robert Britto (D-RI-018) | Climate | Just Transition | Workforce Development | Effective |
| HB 2338: Authorizing community scaled weatherization projects.View Source | Washington | WA Rep. Lisa Callan (D-WA-005) | Climate | Building Decarbonization, Just Transition | Energy Efficiency, Weatherization, Low-income Access | Effective |
| SB4039: Solar Energy-VariousView Source | Illinois | IL Sen. Steve Stadelman (D-IL-034) | Climate, Energy | Distributed Solar and Batteries, Just Transition | Workforce Development, Community Solar | Out of Committee |
| S.1757: Establishes Office of Clean Energy Equity in BPU; directs establishment of certain clean energy, energy efficiency, and energy storage programs for overburdened communities; makes change to community solar program.View Source | New Jersey | NJ Sen. John McKeon (D-NJ-027), NJ Sen. Troy Singleton (D-NJ-007) | Climate, Energy | Distributed Solar and Batteries, Just Transition | Workforce Development, Low-income Access, Community Solar | Out of Committee |
| H.B. 3019: Establishes provisions for community solar gardensView Source | Missouri | MO Rep. Betsy Fogle (D-MO-135) | Climate, Energy | Distributed Solar and Batteries, Just Transition | Low-income Access, Community Solar | Introduced or Prefiled |
| HB1393: Electric utilities; pilot program for energy assistance and weatherization for certain individuals.View Source | Virginia | VA Del. Destiny Levere Bolling (D-VA-080) | Climate, Oceans | Building Decarbonization, Just Transition | Weatherization, Low-income Access, Offshore Wind | Effective |
| A.4892: Establishes Office of Clean Energy Equity in BPU; directs establishment of certain clean energy, energy efficiency, and energy storage programs for overburdened communities; makes change to community solar program.View Source | New Jersey | NJ Assemb. Verlina Reynolds-Jackson (D-NJ-015), NJ Assemb. Tennille McCoy (D-NJ-014) | Climate | Just Transition | Workforce Development, Low-income Access | Introduced or Prefiled |
| S.9735: Enacts the "home utility weatherization jobs act"View Source | New York | NY Sen. Brian Kavanagh (D-NY-027) | Climate | Just Transition | Workforce Development | Passed Original Chamber |
| HB2: Electric utilities; energy efficiency upgrades, report.View Source | Virginia | Secretary Mark Sickles (VA) | Climate | Building Decarbonization, Just Transition | Energy Efficiency, Weatherization, Low-income Access | Effective |
| SB72: Electric utilities; energy efficiency upgrades, report.View Source | Virginia | VA Sen. Kannan Srinivasan (D-VA-032) | Climate, Energy | Building Decarbonization, Just Transition, Utilities and the Grid | Energy Efficiency, Weatherization, Low-income Access | Effective |
| SB5: Income-Qualified Energy Efficiency and Weatherization Task Force; established, report.View Source | Virginia | VA Sen. Mamie Locke (D-VA-023) | Climate | Building Decarbonization, Just Transition | Energy Efficiency, Weatherization, Low-income Access | Effective |
| HB807: Electric utilities; shared solar programs, Phase II Utility.View Source | Virginia | VA Del. Richard "Rip" Sullivan (D-VA-006) | Climate, Energy | Distributed Solar and Batteries, Just Transition | Low-income Access, Community Solar | Effective |
| SB327: Electric utilities; pilot program for electric energy conservation, solar energy generation.View Source | Virginia | VA Sen. Schuyler VanValkenburg (D-VA-016) | Climate | Building Decarbonization, Just Transition | Weatherization, Low-income Access | Effective |
| A.10856: Enacts the "just energy transition act"View Source | New York | NY Assemb. George Alvarez (D-NY-078) | Climate | Just Transition | Workforce Development | Introduced or Prefiled |
| SB0416: An Act Concerning Transportation System Modernization.View Source | Connecticut | Climate, Transportation | Electric Vehicles, Just Transition, Public Transportation | Electric School Buses, Low-income Access | Out of Committee | |
| HB70: Resilient Virginia Revolving Fund; projects in low-income geographic areas, nature-based solutions.View Source | Virginia | VA Del. Michael Feggans (D-VA-097) | Climate, Oceans | Climate Finance, Coastal Resilience, Just Transition | Green Banks, Low-income Access, Coastal Resilience | Effective |
| SB 5998: Making 2025-2027 fiscal biennium supplemental operating appropriations.View Source | Washington | WA Sen. June Robinson (D-WA-038) | Climate | Just Transition, Offshore Wind | Low-income Access | Effective |
| HB4910: Clean Energy-Workforce HubsView Source | Illinois | IL Rep. Lisa Davis (D-IL-032) | Climate | Just Transition | Workforce Development | Introduced or Prefiled |
| HB4996: Utilities-VariousView Source | Illinois | IL Rep. Robyn Gabel (D-IL-018) | Climate, Energy | Just Transition, Transmission, Utilities and the Grid | Utility Scale Siting and Permitting, Low-income Access | Introduced or Prefiled |
| HB4940: Utility-Ipa ProcurementView Source | Illinois | IL Rep. Jay Hoffman (D-IL-113) | Climate | Just Transition | Workforce Development | Introduced or Prefiled |
| HB5459: Solar Energy-VariousView Source | Illinois | IL Rep. Lawrence "Larry" Walsh (D-IL-086) | Climate | Just Transition | Workforce Development | Introduced or Prefiled |
| SB1178: Relating to: creating the Wisconsin Climate Corps program, granting rule-making authority, and making an appropriation. (FE)View Source | Wisconsin | WI Sen. Chris Larson (D-WI-007), WI Sen. Tim Carpenter (D-WI-003), WI Sen. Mark Spreitzer (D-WI-015), WI Sen. LaTonya Johnson (D-WI-006), WI Sen. Kelda Roys (D-WI-026) | Climate, Water, Land, Energy | Flood Resilience, Just Transition, Outdoor Engagement, Sustainable Agriculture & Water | Outdoor Governance and Economy, Workforce Development | Introduced or Prefiled |
| HB26-1159: Department of Labor & Employment SupplementalView Source | Colorado | CO Sen. Jeff Bridges (D-CO-026), CO Rep. Emily Sirota (D-CO-009) | Climate | Just Transition | Workforce Development | Effective |
| SB26-052: Coal Transition Community InvestmentView Source | Colorado | CO Rep. Tisha Mauro (D-CO-046), CO Rep. Meghan Lukens (D-CO-026), CO Sen. Dylan Roberts (D-CO-008), CO Sen. Marc Catlin (R-CO-005) | Climate | Just Transition | Workforce Development | Enacted |
| SF4281: Thermal energy network plans requirements establishmentView Source | Minnesota | MN Sen. Amanda Hemmingsen-Jaeger (D-MN-047) | Climate | Building Decarbonization, Just Transition | Workforce Development | Introduced or Prefiled |
| HF4122: Thermal energy network plan requirements established.View Source | Minnesota | MN Rep. Athena Hollins (D-MN-066B) | Climate | Building Decarbonization, Just Transition | Workforce Development | Introduced or Prefiled |
| S.B. 758: Solar energy facility work; prevailing wage rate, apprenticeship requirements, civil penalties.View Source | Virginia | VA Sen. Aaron Rouse (D-VA-022) | Climate | Just Transition | Workforce Development | Passed Original Chamber |
| HB 2289: Making 2025-2027 fiscal biennium supplemental operating appropriations.View Source | Washington | WA Rep. Timm Ormsby (D-WA-003) | Climate, Oceans | Just Transition, Ocean Acidification | Low-income Access, Ocean Acidification | Out of Committee |
| HB1002: Electric utility affordability.View Source | Indiana | IN Rep. Alaina Shonkwiler (R-IN-029) | Climate, Energy | Just Transition, Utilities and the Grid | Low-income Access, Performance Based Regulations | Effective |
| HF3557: Climate literacy seal established, and report required.View Source | Minnesota | MN Rep. Larry Kraft (D-MN-046A) | Climate, Land, Energy | Just Transition, Outdoor Engagement | Outdoor & Environmental Learning, Workforce Development | Introduced or Prefiled |
| S.8752: Requires contractors and subcontractors performing construction work for covered renewable energy systems to have apprenticeship agreementsView Source | New York | NY Sen. Jessica Scarcella-Spanton (D-NY-023) | Climate | Just Transition | Workforce Development | Enacted |
| HB1372: Solar energy facilities; prevailing wage & apprenticeship requirements, state & local tax exemption.View Source | Virginia | VA Del. Dan Helmer (D-VA-010) | Climate | Just Transition | Workforce Development | Out of Committee |
| S.B.2995: RELATING TO TRANSPORTATION.View Source | Hawaii | HI Sen. Chris Lee (D-HI-025) | Climate, Transportation | Electric Vehicles, Just Transition | Low-income Access | Introduced or Prefiled |
| H.B.1598: RELATING TO THE HAWAII CLIMATE INSTITUTE.View Source | Hawaii | HI Rep. Andrew Garrett (D-HI-022) | Climate | Just Transition | Workforce Development | Out of Committee |
| H.B.2038: RELATING TO TRANSPORTATION.View Source | Hawaii | HI Rep. Ikaika Hussey (D-HI-029) | Climate | Just Transition | Low-income Access | Out of Committee |
| SB 6223: Authorizing community scaled weatherization projects.View Source | Washington | WA Sen. Victoria Hunt (D-WA-005) | Climate | Building Decarbonization, Just Transition | Weatherization, Workforce Development | Out of Committee |
| SB3927: Clean Energy-Workforce HubsView Source | Illinois | IL Sen. Lakesia Collins (D-IL-005) | Climate | Just Transition | Workforce Development | Introduced or Prefiled |
| HB324: Electric Vehicle Rural Infrastructure Program and Fund; established and created.View Source | Virginia | VA Del. Richard "Rip" Sullivan (D-VA-006) | Climate, Transportation | Electric Vehicles, Just Transition | Low-income Access | Out of Committee |
| S.B.3030: RELATING TO CLIMATE RESILIENCE.View Source | Hawaii | HI Sen. Chris Lee (D-HI-025) | Climate | Climate Adaptation , Just Transition | Workforce Development | Introduced or Prefiled |
| S.B.2888: RELATING TO RENEWABLE ENERGY.View Source | Hawaii | HI Sen. Mike Gabbard (D-HI-021) | Climate, Energy | Distributed Solar and Batteries, Just Transition | DER Regulatory Reform, Workforce Development | Introduced or Prefiled |
| A.10100: Relates to enacting the climate and community investment actView Source | New York | NY Assemb. Jenifer Rajkumar (D-NY-038) | Climate | Just Transition | Workforce Development, Low-income Access | Introduced or Prefiled |
| AB889: Relating to: creating the Wisconsin Climate Corps program, granting rule-making authority, and making an appropriation. (FE)View Source | Wisconsin | WI Rep. Christine Sinicki (D-WI-020), WI Rep. Lisa Subeck (D-WI-079), WI Rep. Amaad Rivera-Wagner (D-WI-090), WI Rep. Greta Neubauer (D-WI-066), WI Rep. Robyn Vining (D-WI-013), WI Rep. Mike Bare (D-WI-080), WI Rep. Ryan Clancy (D-WI-019), WI Rep. Francesca Hong (D-WI-076), WI Rep. Lee Snodgrass (D-WI-052), WI Rep. Supreme "Moore" Moore Omokunde (D-WI-017), WI Rep. Renuka Mayadev (D-WI-077), WI Rep. Clinton Anderson (D-WI-045), WI Rep. Alex Joers (D-WI-081), WI Rep. Darrin Madison (D-WI-010), WI Rep. Angelito Tenorio (D-WI-014), WI Rep. Randy Udell (D-WI-047), WI Rep. Karen DeSanto (D-WI-040), WI Rep. Joan Fitzgerald (D-WI-046), WI Rep. Sequanna Taylor (D-WI-011), WI Rep. Margaret Arney (D-WI-018), WI Rep. Angela Stroud (D-WI-073), WI Rep. Ben DeSmidt (D-WI-065), WI Rep. Vincent "Vinnie" Miresse (D-WI-071), WI Rep. Lori Palmeri (D-WI-054) | Climate, Land, Energy | Just Transition, Outdoor Engagement | Outdoor Governance and Economy, Workforce Development | Introduced or Prefiled |
| A.9454: Requires contractors and subcontractors performing construction work for covered renewable energy systems to have apprenticeship agreementsView Source | New York | NY Assemb. Didi Barrett (D-NY-106) | Climate | Just Transition | Workforce Development | Out of Committee |
| S.1657: Establishes "Energy Infrastructure Public-Private Partnerships Program"; amends law concerning NJ Infrastructure Bank; and authorizes certain energy contracts under "Public School Contracts Law" and "Local Public Contracts Law" up to 25 years.View Source | New Jersey | NJ Sen. Paul Sarlo (D-NJ-036), NJ Sen. Andrew Zwicker (D-NJ-016) | Climate | Climate Finance, Just Transition | Green Banks, Workforce Development | Introduced or Prefiled |
| SB0204: An act relating to electric ratepayer assistance and utility disconnectionsView Source | Vermont | VT Sen. Becca White (D-VT-013) | Climate, Energy | Just Transition, Utilities and the Grid | Low-income Access, Retail Rates | Introduced or Prefiled |
| H4041: An Act promoting environmental justice in MassachusettsView Source | Massachusetts | MA Rep. Mike Connolly (D-MA-Massachusetts House 26th Middlesex) | Climate, Environmental Justice, Energy | Environmental Justice, Just Transition | Introduced or Prefiled |
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Related Resources
Climate Justice Fact Sheet
Climate change impacts everyone. But because human societies were built on inequities, climate change does not impact everyone in the same way. For example, low-income communities have fewer resources to recover from climate disasters. In the United States, communities of color bear the brunt of pollution associated with fossil fuels and energy infrastructure. Worldwide, climate change has a disproportionate impact on women and children. Because climate change amplifies existing injustices and inequities, policies to address climate change should be designed to mitigate inequities and disproportionate impacts. Both in the U.S. and worldwide, individuals and communities that contributed the least to the climate crisis will face the greatest impacts. To advance climate justice, state legislation needs to identify and center environmental justice communities, build an inclusive economy, support community-driven solutions, require local pollution reductions, and facilitate a just transition.
Climate Justice Policy Options
Both in the U.S. and worldwide, individuals and communities that contributed the least to the climate crisis will face the greatest impacts. Because climate change amplifies existing injustices and inequities, policies to address climate change should be designed to mitigate inequities and disproportionate impacts. To advance climate justice, state legislation needs to identify and center environmental justice communities, build an inclusive economy, support community-driven solutions, require local pollution reductions, and facilitate a just transition.
Online Resources
Outlines state-level strategies to support a just and equitable transition to a clean energy economy.
A toolkit of state-level policy recommendations aimed at advancing economic equity, environmental protection, and clean energy development.
Examines rural development hubs and their role in fostering economic opportunity, resilience, and community-led growth towards a just transition.

Climate Justice, a Just Transition, and Environmental Justice
To ensure that climate policy is equitable and addresses current injustices, it is important to center communities that are disproportionately impacted by climate change in the transition away from fossil-fuel energy.
Driving Health, Social, and Economic Inequities
Climate change worsens environmental conditions associated with disparate health outcomes, while causing social and economic disturbances for disproportionately impacted communities. (EPA)
Extreme Heat
Climate change is expected to increase the volume and frequency of extreme heat events, with low-income individuals and communities of color currently suffering disproportionately high rates of heat-related illness. (KFF)
Ensuring a Just Energy Transition
A just energy transition is an equity-centered policy solution that seeks to address social, environmental, and economic implications of the transition from fossil-fuel energy sources to clean energy sources, particularly for historic fossil-fuel workers and communities. (UNDP)
News & Events
2026 Energy Affordability Leaders Summit
Join NEC in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from December 6-9 for a convening of energy affordability leaders.

2026 MRLC Forum Recap
State legislators from across seven states convened in Jackson, Mississippi, for the 2026 Mississippi River Legislative Caucus (MRLC) Forum, where they explored how to support one of the most economically and socially consequential waterways.

Legislators from 43 States and Territories Oppose USDA’s Effort to Rescind the “Roadless Rule”
A bipartisan group of 232 state legislators from 43 states and territories submitted a formal comment letter to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) opposing the proposed rescission of the Roadless Area Conservation Rule (the “Roadless Rule”).
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